Textile fiber unit



Nov. 18, 1958 R. A- GARRETT TEXTILE FIBER UNIT Filed May e. 1953 T W WW. A S R A H m R attouw United States Patent TEXTILE FIBER UNIT RichardA. Garrett, Manor Township, Lancaster County, Pa., assignor to ArmstrongCork Company, Lancaster, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania ApplicationMay 6, 1953, Serial No. 353,307

16 Claims. (Cl. 19-143) This invention relates to textile fiber workingunits such as pencil roll covers, long draft aprons, comber detachingrolls, and the like. Pencil roll covers are used in the textile fiberworking industry in SacoLowell and similar type machines and serve thepurpose ofcon.- trolling fiber draft. In such operation the roll, coversfrictionally engage the fibers and; static electricity on the rollsurface causes the fibers to be disrupted, resulting in the creation ofwaste which floats about the mill and collects on the machines, creatinga substantial nuisance and' often resulting, in the production ofdefective' yarn. In. long draft aprons, the textile fibers lie inengagement. with the working. surface af the apron or aprons, and these,too, must have a static-free working surface in order to form-highquality yarn. In aprons, the working surface must be yielding andvresilient, and. the apron structure should be free of any tendencytoward excessive growth or stretchingv during operation. It should alsobe resistant to attack by thev oils enr countered in use. Comberdetaching rolls serve to disengage the fibers from the combers, and thepresence, of static electricity on the rolls would cause the fine weboffibers to be disrupted and an uneven web to. be formed. Similar problemsare encountered in other textile fiber working units such as twisterrolls, selfweighted Washburn rolls, and the like.

It is an object of this. invention toprovide a textile composition of aresin selected from the group consist-- ing of polyvinyl chloride, thepolymerization product of a mixture of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetatecontaining; about 95% vinyl chloride and about vinyl acetate,

and mixtures thereof, each 100 parts by weight of the resin havingincorporated therewith between about 50;

parts by weight and 150 parts by weight of plasticizer for the resinwhich is compatible with the resin in such proportions at temperaturesabove 45 F. and renders the composition static-free, said plasticizerbeing selected from the group consisting of: (a) an ester, the acidcomponent of which is selected, from the group consisting of at leastone aliphatic acid, phosphoric acid, andphosphonic acid, the molecularweight of the aliphatic portion of said ester representing more than 50%of the total molecular Weight of said ester, (b) Z-ethylhexyl diesteramide, (0) fatty acid nitrile of C -C fatty acids, C4H9OC2H4OC2H4OC2H4OC4H9, and e) mixtures of two or more of the above plasticizers,

Patented Nov. 18, 1958 and: (a): m xtur s o o: or re f th bove. plasticizers. Such unit may be secured to a roll structure as; in the case,of, the pencil or slip roll covers or may. be formed into a tubularproduct and severedinto productsz, such. as; aprons or the like. Ifrequired, a. reinforcing cord may be provided within the body ofthe unitin, the manner, described in Billmeyer. Patent. 2,470,599; granted May17, 1949. It hasbeen found, however, that; for some services. the use:of a, reinforcing: COIidf is not. necessary.

The attached drawing illustrates a number of'embodh ments of the,invention asfollows:

Figure l is a top plan view of apencil or-sli'p roll.hav-- ing appliedthereto a. cover made in accordance with the; present invention;

Figure 2 is asectional view taken along line II"-II of Figure 1';

Figure 3 is an end view of a longdraft apron made in accordance with,the. present, invention. mounted; in. a. typical Casablanca typeframewhich has. been diagram! matically shown;

Figure 4" is. a perspective view of a, section. of tubing. made in.accordance with the present invention and. adapt: ed for severance intoaprons; and,

Figure 5 is. a perspective view. showing a pencil or slip. roll coversuitable for mounting upon: the roll structure of Figure 1.

In Figure 1, the roll body 2 is of conventional shape or configurationand. may beformed of metal. It has a cover 3v mounted thereon made inaccordance with; the present. invention, said cover having a workinsurface 4,,

In Eigure,3 an. apron 5 is shown as. encircling a;dr i,v .-v ing roll.and. a. front. bar 7. The apron, 5, is shown; as; made from a. tubularbody 8 in accordance with, the present invention, andv the apron. hasa,- working surface 9 Inthis embodiment. the apron is. not reinforcedg;but; as previously mentioned, a reinforcing cord may b e;pr,o videdl astaught by Billmeyer.

In Figure 41 a, section of tubular stock 10 is shown; which may besevered into. appropriate pieces for as aprons.

Figure 5 shows a pencil rollcover 11 Which-isforrneQ without areinforcement of. any sort, and may be; ad hesively secured to a metalpencil roll. to form a struc ture such asv that, shown in Figures. 1.and 2. i

In the preparation, of the composition of the present; invention for usein the fabrication of a pencil roll; cover, the following example isgiven:

Pencil roll cover composition Parts by weight;

Resin 100- Plasticizer 5'01"50' White lead' 1.5- Filler 20' Titaniumdioxide 15 Carbon black 03 In the above example the resin will beselected from, the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, the polymerization product of a mixture of vinyl chloride and vinyl' acetatecontaining about vinyl chloride and about 5% vinyl acetate, and mixturesthereof. The polyvinyl chloride resin may be one sold under the tradedesignation Koroseal. The polymerization product of the mixture vinylchloride and vinyl acetate may be the resin sold under the tradedesignation VYNW, and the mixture may be any proportions of the resins.sold under the trade designations given above.

The plasticizer may be any one of the plasticizers for the resin listedbelow. The first three plasticizers are preferred. Of course, mixturesof the various plasticizers may be used.

Plastlcizer Trade Name Chemical Composition Butyl benzl sebacate. Caprylbenzyl sebacate. 2-ethylhexyl di ester amide. Tributyl phosphate.

Triglycol dihexoete.

High M. W. Polyethe High M. W. Polyether ester Dioctyl styrylphosphonate.

Dibutyl benzene phosphonate.

Dioctyl benzene phosphonate.

Fatty acid nitrile of Ca-Czo fatty acids. Polyethylene glycoldi-Z-ethylhexoate.

' Di (2-ethylbutyl Cellosolve) succinate.

Plasticizers l-10, 12, 14-16, and 18-21 are in class (a) mentionedpreviously, i. e., an ester, the acid component of which is selectedfrom the group consisting of at least one aliphatic acid, phosphoricacid, and phosphonic acid, the molecular weight of the aliphatic portionof said ester representing more than 50% of the total molecular weightof said ester; plasticizer 11 is in class (b), Z-ethylhexyl di-esteramide; plasticizer 13 is in class (c), fatty acid nitrile of C C fattyacids; and plasticizer 17 is in class (d),

Plasticizers 1, 2, 4, 8, 14, l5, l6, and 18 are esters of an aliphaticacid and an aliphatic alcohol in which the aliphatic acid component ofthe ester has 2 to 18 carbon atoms and in which the aliphatic alcoholcomponent of the ester has from 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Plasticizers 6 and7 are linear polymerized esters of glycol and polycarboxylic acid. Anyother plasticizer or mixture of plasticizers selected from classes (a)to (d) mentioned previously and which are compatible in proportions ofabout 50 to 150 parts for each 100 parts of resin (all parts by weight)at temperatures above F. may be employed so long as the plasticizer doesnot deleteriously affect the resin or so alter its physicalcharacteristics as to render the working surface of the articleunsatisfactory. The plasticizer or plasticizers selected will de pendupon the particular type of fiber working unit being prepared, theservice conditions which it will encounter, and other variable factors.The quantity of plasticizer used will likewise depend upon such variablefactors. For pencil roll covers the amount of plasticizer used willgenerally be determined by the hardness desired in the finished productand the static resistance of the working surface. With the plasticizerslisted above, parts of plasticizer to 100 parts of resin will beadequate to secure static resistance in all instances except with linearpolyester type plasticizer, No. 6, Where about 85 parts by weight ofplasticizer to 100 parts of resin are required to provide a static-freeworking surface. Where this quantity of plasticizer tends to produce aproduct which is too resilient and yielding for specific uses, one ofthe other plasticizers such as plasticizer No. 1 listed above will bechosen. Wide latitude is possible in the selection of plasticizers.

A preferred filler is the one sold under the trademark Silene EF whichis a precipitated calcium silicate. In place of Silene EF other fillersmay be substituted, such as clay, whiting, and carbon black. Titaniumdioxide and carbon black, such as Gastex," are used principally as colorpigments, and in lieu thereof other pigments may be employed. The whitelead serves as a heat stabilizer, and in place of it materials such aslead stearate, basic lead silicate, and the like may be substituted.

The quantities of the fillers, pigments, and stabilizers used may bevaried and are not critical. These compounding ingredients are wellknown, and those skilled in the art will have no difficulty incompounding with various fillers, pigments, and stabilizers, asrequired.

In the preparation of the composition, the various ingredients are mixedin a suitable container or internal mixer. The blended ingredients arethen fused on a heated two-roll mill, the temperature of which is in theorder of 275 F. to 300 F. The fused compound is then extruded intotubular sections of the desired length. The extruded tubes are thenpermitted to cool and are subsequently cut into covers, aprons, or thelike of the desired dimensions. Where roll covers are being fabricated,the covering may be mounted upon metal rolls, as shown in Figures 1 and2 of the drawing, and the outer surface of the cover is ground to thedesired diameter and surface smoothness.

A composition suitable for fabrication into aprons may be prepared asfollows:

Apron composition Parts by weight Resin 100 Plasticizer 50-150 Whitelead 1.5 Titanium dioxide 15 Carbon black 0.3

Nos. 6 or 7 are used, for example, the quantity of plasticizer will beabout parts by weight for each parts by weight of resin. Otherplasticizers may be used in larger or smaller quantities within therange recited.

In the fabrication of the apron the mixing, fusing, and extruding stepswill be the same as those mentioned above in connection with the pencilroll cover composition. The extruded tube will be as close as possiblein dimensions to those required in the finished apron. The tube may thenbe mounted upon a mandrel having an outer diameter corresponding to theinner diameter of the apron being fabricated, and the assembly may thenbe heated in an oven at 250 F. for about one hour which will tend toanneal the composition. Thereafter, the tube will be severed into apronsof the desired dimensions; and if found necessary or desirable, theouter surface may be buffed or ground to provide a working sur-' facehaving the requisite texture.

Other textile fiber working units may be formed from the compositions ofthis invention; and while the compounding may vary to some extent withthe various units, they will in all events include a working surfaceformed of a composition of a resin selected from the group consisting ofpolyvinyl chloride, the polymerization product of a mixture of vinylchloride and vinyl acetate containing about 95 vinyl chloride and about5% vinyl acetate, and mixtures thereof; and they will have incorporatedtherewith a plasticizer for the resin which renders the compositionstatic-free and which is selected from the classes (a), (b), (c), and(d) above or mixtures of two or more thereof. As mentioned above,fillers, pigments, and stabilizing agents and the like may beincorporated. The proportioning of resin and plasticizer may vary butwill fall within the range of 50 to 150 parts by weight of plasticizerfor each 100 parts by weight of resin; and the plasticizer will, ofcourse, be compatible with the resin in such proportions at alltemperatures above 45 F. encountered in the use of the product.

This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending application,Serial No. 148,719, filed March 9, 1950, now abandoned.

-I claim:

1. A textile fiber working unit having a static-free Working surfaceformed of a composition of a resin selected from the group consisting ofvinyl chloride, the polymerization product of a mixture of vinylchloride and vinyl acetate containing about 95% vinyl chloride and about5% vinyl acetate, and mixtures thereof, having incorporated therewithbetween about 50 parts by weight and about 150 parts by weight for each100 parts by weight of resin of a plasticizer for the resin which iscompatible with the resin in such proportions at temperatures above 45F. and which renders the composition static-free, said plasticizer beingselected from the group consisting of: (a) an ester, the acid componentof which is selected from the group consisting of at least one aliphaticacid, phosphoric acid, and phosphonic acid, the molecular weight of thealiphatic portion of said ester representing more than 50% of the totalmolecular Weight of said ester, (b) 2-ethylhexyl di ester amide, (0)fatty acid nitrile of C -C fatty acids, (d)

and (e) mixtures of two or more of the above plasticizers.

2. A textile fiber working unit in accordance with claim 1 in which theprincipal plasticizer for the resin is an ester of an aliphatic acid andan aliphatic alcohol.

3. A textile fiber working unit in accordance with claim 2 in which theplasticizer consists principally of triethylene glycol ester of C -Cfatty acids.

4. A textile fiber working unit in accordance with claim 2 in which theplasticizer consists principally of polyester (linear).

5. A textile fiber working unit in accordance with claim 1 in which theprincipal plasticizer for the resin is an ester, the acid component ofwhich is at least one aliphatic acid, the molecular weight of thealiphatic portion of said ester representing more than 50% of the totalmolecular weight of the ester.

6. A textile fiber Working unit in accordance with claim 1 in which theprincipal plasticizer for the resin is an ester of phosphoric acid, themolecular weight of the aliphatic portion of said ester representingmore than 50% of the total molecular weight of said ester,

7. A textile fiber working unit in accordance with claim 6 in which theplasticizer consists principally of tributoxy ethyl phosphate.

8. A textile fiber Working unit in accordance with claim 1 in which theprincipal plasticizer for the resin is a phosphonate, the molecularweight of aliphatic portion of which represents more than 50% of thetotal molecular weight of said phosphonate.

9. A textile fiber working unit in accordance with claim 1 in which theresin consists principally of the resinous polymerization product of amixture of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate containing about vinylchloride and about 5% vinyl acetate.

10. A textile fiber working unit in accordance with claim 1 in which theresin consists principally of polyvinyl chloride.

11. A textile fiber working unit in accordance with claim 2 in which theresin consists principally of the resinous polymerization product of amixture of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate containing about 95 vinylchloride and about 5% vinyl acetate and in which the plasticizerconsists principally of triethylene glycol ester of C -C fatty acids.

12. A textile fiber Working unit in accordance with claim 1 in which theunit consists of a slip roll cover and in which the resin consistsprincipally of the resinous polymerization product of a mixture of vinylchloride and vinyl acetate containing about 95 vinyl chloride and about5% vinyl aectate and in which the resin has incorporated therewith about50 parts by weight of said plasticizer for each parts by weight ofresin.

13. A textile fiber working unit in accordance with claim 1 in which theunit consists of a draft apron in which the resin consists principallyof the resinous polymerization product of a mixture of vinyl chlorideand vinyl acetate containing about 95% vinyl chloride and about 5% vinylacetate.

14. A textile fiber working unit in accordance with claim 1 in which theunit consists of a draft apron in which the resin consists principallyof the resinous polymerization product of a mixture of vinyl chlorideand vinyl acetate containing about 95% vinyl chloride and about 5% vinylacetate and in which said plasticizer for the resin is resistant to oilextraction.

15. A textile fiber working unit in accordance with claim 2 in which theplasticizer consists principally of linear polymerized ester of glycoland polycarboxylic acid.

16. A textile fiber working unit in accordance with claim 2 in which thealiphatic acid component of the ester has 2 to 18 carbon atoms and inwhich the aliphatic alcohol component of the ester has from 1 to 8carbon atoms.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,935,577 -Reid Nov. 17, 1933 2,010,963 Robertson Aug. 13, 19352,278,424 Campbell Apr. 7, 1942 2,597,708 Cresswell May 20, 1952 FOREIGNPATENTS 486,911 Great Britain June 13, 1938

1. A TEXTILE FIBER WORKING UNIT HAVING A STATIC-FREE WORKING SURFACEFORMED OF A COMPOSITION OF A RESIN SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OFVINYL CHLORIDE, THE POLYMERIZATION PRODUCT OF A MIXTURE OF VINYLCHLORIDE AND VINYL ACETATE CONTAINING ABOUT 95% VINYL CHLORIDE AND ABOUT5% VINYL ACETATE, AND MIXTURES THEREOF HAVING INCORPORATED THEREWITHBETWEEN ABOUT 50 PARTS BY WEIGHT AND ABOUT 150 PARTS BY WEIGHT FOR EACH100 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF RESIN OF A PLASTICIZER FOR THE RESIN WHICH ISCOMPATIBLE WITH THE RESIN IN SUCH PROPORTION AT TEMPERATURES ABOVE 45*F.AND WHICH RENDERS, THE COMPOSITION STATIC-FREE, SAID PLASTICIZER BEINGSELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF: (A) AN ESTER, THE ACID COMPONENTOF WHICH IS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF AT LEAST ONE ALIPHATICACID, PHOSPHORIC ACID, AND PHOSPHONIC ACID, THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF THEALIPHATIC PORTION OF SAID ESTER REPRESENTING MORE THAN 50% OF THE TOTALMOLECULAR WEIGHT OF SAID ESTER, (B) 2-ETHYLHEXYL DI ESTER AMIDE, (C)FATTY ACID NITRILE OF C6-C30 FATTY ACIDS, (D)